System of Government in the Philippines During Sample Essay Example For Students

System of Government in the Philippines During Sample Essay During the Spanish colonisation in the Philippines. the authorities was composed of two subdivisions. the executive and the judicial. There was no legislative subdivision on that clip since the Torahs of the islands were coming from Spain. The lone Torahs created in the Philippines are those who were ordered by the Governor General. The authorities on that clip was lead by the Governor General. He was considered as the representative of Spain and the King himself. He is the highest officer in the island and responsible for implementing Torahs from the female parent state. He besides has the power to name or alleviate officer in the authorities or priest in the parish. except with those personally appointed by the male monarch of Spain. The states in the island were called as â€Å"Encomienda† and were governed by the â€Å"Encomienderos† . subsequently they were replaced by the â€Å"Alcalde Mayor† â€Å"Alcalde Mayor† had both the executive and judicial power. He had besides given the right to roll up revenue enhancements. The â€Å"Alcalde Mayor† was besides allowed to set up a concern because of its limited wage. In 1886. their executive power was abolished but their judicial powers remain. Small towns were governed by the â€Å"gobernadorcillo† . Under his authorization were one constabulary head and the lower authorities employees from which he had legal power. â€Å"Gobernadorcillo† were elected by the married people but subsequently a â€Å"gobernadorcillo† was chosen by those surpassing in the place as his replacing. The metropolis was governed by two city managers. 12 councilors and a constabulary head. a secretary and other employees. The metropolis is called as â€Å"Ayuntamiento† . The â€Å"Encomienda† system was implemented. It is a system from which the male monarch has the right to reassign the authorization of a peculiar land to any Spanish person or establishment. Those single who posses the right of â€Å"encomienda† was called as â€Å"Encomiendero† . An â€Å"Encomiendero† has authorization to roll up revenue enhancements from the people in his legal power. He besides has the responsibility to care and look for the benefits of those citizens. Unfortunately. the â€Å"encomienda† system was misused by some â€Å"encomienderos† . A batch of them use the â€Å"encomienda† for their ain involvement. They tend to mistreat their power. roll uping revenue enhancements more than the existent revenue enhancement value. The â€Å"encomiendero’s† abuse their powers which sometimes made people rebellions against them. The â€Å"encomienda† system created hinderances for the economic development of the multitudes. This doing the elect richer and doing the economic state of affairs of the bulk under developed. Although the â€Å"encomienda† system is designed for administration. its execution gives negative effects to the people from which the â€Å"encomienderos† abuse their power against the people. to whom they are bound to regulate. The authorities during the American government After the Spaniards capitulated to them in the Battle of Manila on August 13. 1898. the winning Americans established the Military Government on August 14. This authorities which was run by military generals appointed by the American president exercised all powers of the authorities until the war was declared by the Americans to hold ended until July 1901. following the gaining control of President Emilio Aguinaldo. On July 4. 1901. upon the recommendation of the Second Philippine Commission headed by William Taft. the American governments established the civil authorities that took over the maps of the military authorities. The president of the Filipino Commission became civil governor in countries already pacified under the American military regulation. The Civil Governor ( the rubric was subsequently changed to Governor-General in 1905 ) besides exercised legislative powers while staying as president of the Filipino Commission. the lawmaking organic structure of the authorities up to 1907. Upon the creative activity of the Philippine Assembly that served as the lower house. the Filipino Commission became the upper house of the legislative subdivision from 1907 to 1916. The first free national elections in the Philippines were held for the members of the Philippine Assembly who were all Filipinos where Sergio Osmena served as Speaker of the Assembly. With the transition of the Spooner Amendment in 1916. the Filipino Commission and Philippine Assembly gave manner to an all Filipino Legislature. The Filipino Legislature had two houses – the Senate and the House of Representatives. Manuel Quezon was elected President of the Senate and Osmena once more became Speaker of the House. Despite the turning engagement of the civil authorities there were still restrictions. The American governor-general was still the power behind the authorities and. together with the American president could blackball any jurisprudence passed by the Filipino Legislature. Enuresis EssayIn April 1946. elections were held. Despite the fact that the Democratic Alliance won the election. they were non allowed to take their seats under the stalking-horse that force had been used to pull strings the elections. The United States withdrew its sovereignty over the Philippines on July 4. 1946. as scheduled. Manuel Roxas ( Liberal Party ) . holding been inaugurated every bit President as scheduled. on July 4. 1946 before the granting of independency. strengthened political and economic ties with the United States in the controversial Philippine-US Trade Act. In Mar. . 1947. the Philippines and the United States signed a military aid treaty ( since renewed ) which allowed the US to take part every bit in the development of the country’s natural resources—and rented sites for 23 military bases to the US for 99 old ages ( a later understanding reduced the period to 25 old ages get downing 1967 ) . These bases would subsequently be used to establish operations in the countries of Korea. China. Vietnam. and Indonesia. During the Roxas disposal. a general amnesty was granted for those who had worked together with the Nipponese piece at the same clip the Huks were declared illegal. His disposal ended prematurely when he died of bosom onslaught April 15. 1948 while at the US Air Force Base in Pampanga. Vice President Elpidio Quirino ( Liberal Party. henceforth referred to as LP ) was sworn in as President after the decease of Roxas in April 1948. He ran for election in November 1949 against Jose P. Laurel ( Nacionalista Party. henceforth referred to as NP ) and won his ain four-year term. During this clip. the CIA under the leading of Lt. Col. Edward G. Lansdale was engaged in paramilitary and psychological warfare operations with the end to keep backthe Huk Movement. Among the steps which were undertaken were psyops-campaigns which demoralized the superstitious notion of many Filipinos and Acts of the Apostless of force by authorities soldiers which were disguised as Huks. By 1950. the U. S. had provided the Filipino military with supplies and equipment deserving $ 200 million dollars. The immense undertaking of retracing the war-worn state was complicated by the activities in cardinal Luzon of the Communist-dominated Hukbalahap guerillas ( Huks ) . who resorted to panic and force in their attempts to achieve land reform and derive political power. They were eventually brought under control ( 1954 ) after a dynamic onslaught introduced by the curate of national defence. Ramon Magsaysay. By that clip Magsaysay was president of the state. holding defeated Quirino in Nov. . 1953. His run was massively supported by the CIA. both financially and through practical aid in discrediting his political enemies. He had promised sweeping economic alterations. and he did do advancement in land reform. opening new colonies outside crowded Luzon Island. His decease in an aeroplane clang in Mar. . 1957. was a serious blow to national morale. Vice President Carlos P. Garcia succeeded him and won a full term as president in the elections of Nov. . 1957. In foreign personal businesss. the Philippines preserved a steadfast anti-Communist policy and joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization in 1954. There were troubles with the United States over American military installings in the islands. and. in malice of formal acknowledgment ( 1956 ) of full Philippine sovereignty over these bases. tensenesss increased until some of the bases were dismantled ( 1959 ) and the 99-year rental period was reduced. The United States rejected Philippine fiscal claims and jutting trade alterations. Filipino resistance to Garcia on issues of authorities corruptness and anti-Americanism led. in June. 1959. to the brotherhood of the Liberal and Progressive parties. led by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal. the Liberal party leader. who succeeded Garcia as president in the 1961 elections. Macapagal’s disposal was marked by attempts to battle the climb rise that had plagued the democracy since its birth ; by attempted confederations with adjacent states ; and by a territorial statement with Britain over North Borneo ( subsequently Sabah ) . which Macapagal claimed had been leased and non sold to the British North Borneo Company in 1878.